How does the VA Measure Range of Motion?

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Leah Bucholz
Leah Bucholz, PA-C, is an NCCPA board-certified physician assistant and the founder and CEO of Prestige Veteran Medical Consulting. She served 20 years in the U.S. Army as a medic and physician assistant, deployed to Iraq, and retired as a Major. From 2018 to 2019 she was a VA Compensation & Pension examiner in Boerne, Texas. She is lead author of the independent medical opinion chapter in the U.S. Army Physician Assistant Handbook (2nd ed., 2021) and hosts The Veterans Disability Nexus podcast. Her articles cite primary sources, including 38 CFR, VA.gov and the Federal Register.
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At Prestige Veteran Medical Consulting, our blogs are written and reviewed by licensed medical professionals or military veterans with direct experience in the VA claims process. Our team has served as healthcare providers, combat veterans, and former VA examiners — giving us unique insight into both the medical and regulatory side of benefits. Every article is designed to provide accurate, trustworthy, and practical guidance so that veterans and their families can make informed decisions with confidence.

Leah Bucholz sheds light on the crucial aspect of range of motion measurement, also known as goniometry, in C&P exams related to orthopedic or musculoskeletal conditions. The significance lies in the fact that a veteran’s functionality is often determined by their range of motion. So let’s see why this measurement is pivotal, discuss how the range of motion is often measured, how it can impacts disability ratings, and the tools and techniques employed in the process.


The Importance of Range of Motion

Understanding why range of motion is vital requires recognizing that functionality is key in assessing the impact of orthopedic or musculoskeletal conditions. Many veterans mistakenly believe that the severity of a specific condition or a surgical procedure may directly correlate with a rating increase. However it is important to note that the functional aspect, often determined by range of motion, plays a pivotal role.

Exploring Range of Motion in Musculoskeletal Conditions

To delve deeper into the evaluation of range of motion, it is essential to refer to the 38 Code of Federal Regulation 4.71a. This regulation outlines the schedule of ratings for musculoskeletal conditions, providing specific ranges of motion that correspond to various disability percentages. Veterans seeking clarity on these ratings can consult accredited claims agents, attorneys, or Veteran Service Officers (VSO) for additional information.

Goniometry: A Tool for Measurement

Leah introduces the goniometer as the primary tool for measuring range of motion. A goniometer is a device that assists in determining the degrees of flexion, extension, rotation, and abduction from a fixed position. While the 38 Code of Federal Regulation provides the general framework, the goniometer offers a precise and objective measurement during C&P exams.

Practical Example: Elbow Range of Motion

To illustrate the range of motion measurement process, Leah demonstrates using the elbow as an example. The elbow’s flexibility is measured using the goniometer’s stationary and movable arms. The stationary arm aligns with the fixed upper arm, while the movable arm corresponds to the flexion or extension of the elbow. The examiner measures both active and passive range of motion.

Active range of motion involves the veteran moving their body part to assess the flexibility actively. Conversely, passive range of motion requires the examiner to move the veteran’s arm to evaluate flexibility.

Interpreting Results and Disability Ratings

The goniometer provides a numeric measurement indicating the degrees of flexion or extension. These measurements correspond to the disability ratings outlined in the Code of Federal Regulation. For instance, if a veteran can only flex their elbow to a certain degree, there is a corresponding disability rating specified in the regulation.

It’s crucial for veterans to recognize that both active and passive measurements are part of the examination process. Examiners may move the body part themselves to ensure accuracy, and veterans should cooperate during this phase. This is not an attempt to cause discomfort but rather an integral part of objectively assessing range of motion.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Leah Bucholz’s insights into range of motion measurement shed light on its importance in determining disability ratings for veterans. Goniometry, as a precise measuring tool, plays a crucial role in objectively evaluating the impact of musculoskeletal conditions. Veterans navigating the claims process can benefit from understanding how these measurements influence their overall rating and ensuring collaboration with examiners during the assessment of range of motion.

Also read: Erectile Dysfunction and PTSD in Veterans Disability

At Prestige Veteran Medical Consulting, a veteran-owned company, we specialize in Independent Medical Opinions (IMOs) known as Nexus letters.

Our purpose is to empower YOU, the veteran, to take charge of your medical evidence and provide you with valuable educational tools and research to guide you on your journey.

Understanding the unique challenges veterans face, our commitment lies in delivering exceptional service and support.

Leveraging an extensive network of licensed independent medical professionals, all well-versed in the medical professional aspects of the VA claims process, we review the necessary medical evidence to incorporate in our reports related to your VA Disability Claim.

Prestige Veteran Medical Consulting is not a law firm, accredited claims agent, or affiliated with the Veterans Administration or Veterans Services Organizations. However, we are happy to discuss your case with your accredited VA legal professional.

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Alan Bucholz, PA-C

Board-Certified Physician Assistant | U.S. Army Combat Veteran | Co-founder & CFO, Prestige Veteran Medical Consulting

This article was medically reviewed and fact checked by Alan Bucholz, PA-C, a board-certified Physician Assistant and retired U.S. Army combat veteran with experience in emergency medicine and two combat deployments (Iraq & Afghanistan). As Co-founder of Prestige Veteran Medical Consulting, Alan provides evidence-based medical opinions to support veterans’ VA disability claims with accuracy, compliance, and ethics.

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